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Abduction - Moving a limb away from the body. Achilles Tendon - The tendon joining the calf muscles to the bone in the heel. Achilles Tendonitis - Inflammation of the Achilles tendon. Acute - A condition that is temporary, but may be severe. Adduction - Moving a limb toward the body. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury - A common ligament injury to the knee, treated with surgery and rehabilitative exercises. Arthritis - Inflammation of joints. Arthroscopy - An arthroscope is a complex tool, much like a camera that allows the physician to see the inside of a joint (especially the knee). The surgeon is sometimes able to perform surgery through an arthroscope, which makes recovery faster and easier.
Bilateral - A condition affecting both sides of the body. For example, bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome occurs in both hands. Bursitis - Inflammation of the bursa, especially of the shoulder or elbow. Carpal Tunnel - The bony, narrow passage at the intersection of the hand and wrist on the same side of the palm of the hand. The median nerve and tendons pass through this tunnel to the thumb, index, and middle fingers. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - A compression of the median nerve caused by swelling tendons in the carpal tunnel. Symptoms include numbness, pain, and tingling in the thumb and middle fingers, weak grip and diminished strength in the hand. Cartilage - Connective tissue found between bones that allows joints to move smoothly. Cartilage is also important in your nose and ear. Chondromalacia (Runner's Knee) - Softening of the chondrol (cartilagenous surface of the inner side of the patella). Chronic - As opposed to acute, a chronic condition is not temporary. It may be prolonged, or slow to heal. Compression - The act of pressing or squeezing together. Contusion - A contusion is a bruise that doesn't break the skin.
Displacement - To take out of the normal position, such as a displaced shoulder. Dislocation - A displacement of one or more bones at a joint. Dorsiflexion - Bending something backward, especially the hand or foot. Edema - A situation when fluid accumulates in spaces between cells, causing swelling in tissue. Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow, Golfer's Elbow) - A repetitive strain injury (RSI). Symptoms include swelling and pain in tendons and muscles around the elbow joint. Eversion - Turning outward. Extension - Straightening a limb or a joint. Fibrositis - A condition that results in inflammation of connective tissue and muscles, joints, ligaments and tendons. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including overuse, injury or infection. Flexion - Bending a limb at a joint. Flexor - A muscle that bends a limb. Fracture - A break in rigid body tissue, such as bone, cartilage or tooth. Heel Spur - A hard bony shelf the width of the heel bone caused by repeated pulling away of periosteum form the heel bone. Hyperextension - To extend so that the angle between bones of a joint is greater than normal.
Iliotibial Band Syndrome - Condition caused by injury to the iliotibial tract that causes pain in the knee region on the outside or lateral part of the knee. Usually from a repetitive strain injury (RSI). Immobilize - To reduce or eliminate motion. Inflammation - A reaction from an injury that may include redness, heat, pain, swelling, and loss of function. Inversion - To turn inward. Joint - The spot in the musculoskeletal system where two bones meet. Joint Capsule - The structure that protects a joint and allows it to move smoothly, the capsule is composed of fatty cartilage.
Knee, Internal Derangement - The knee is particularly susceptible to injury largely because of its internal structures. These include the meniscus (articular cartilage), ligaments, tendons, fat pad under the patella (kneecap) and the uppermost part of the tibia (the major bone in the lower leg). Lateral - On the side. Farther from the median or midsagittal plane. Lateral Collateral Ligament - The ligament that runs from the lateral femeral condyle to the fibular head in the knee. Lateral Epicondylitis - Tennis Elbow. Ligament - A tough band of tissue that connects bone to bone or cartilage to bone. It supports a joint. Lumbar - Relating to the lower back region.
Medial - Positioned in the middle. Medial Epicondylitis - Golfer's Elbow. Meniscus - The crescent shaped cartilage between the femur and tibia. Moleskin - Used to reduce friction, moleskin is a soft material that protects skin. It is often used under casts or bandages or on the feet. Musculoskeletal System - The bones and muscles in the body together form this system. Osgood-Schlatter Disease (Osteochronrosis) - "Growing pain" at the knee, a temporary condition affecting adolescents who exercise vigorously. Orthopedics - The branch of medicine that deals with bones and the skeleton. Orthotics - The science and technology of braces, especially when supporting weak or injured joints and muscles. Osteoarthritis (also called Osteoarthrosis, or generative joint disease) - A disorder of the joints characterized by progressive deterioration of the articular cartilage. It is the most comment joint disease affecting more than 80 percent of those who reach the age of 70. Although its suffix indicates otherwise, osteoarthritis is not characterized by excessive joint inflammation as in the case with rheumatoid arthritis. The disease may be asymptomatic, especially in the early yeas of its onset. As it progresses, however, pain, stiffness and a limitation in movement may develop. Common sites of discomfort are the vertebrae, knees and hip joints that bear much of the weight of the body.
Patella - The triangular movable bone that protects the knee joint (knee cap). Patella Tendinitis - Runner's Knee. Plantar Fasciitis - A painful condition that results from a tear in the connective tissue on the bottom of the foot. Walkers and runners often complain of pain just under the heel bone. Popliteal Space - The space behind the knee joint, it contains soft tissue and is bounded by ligaments. Pronation - Rotating your forearm so the palm is down or your body is lying face down. Also when your foot is rotated inward. Quadricep Tendinitis - Jumper's Knee.
Rotation - Turning around on an axis. Rotator Cuff - A supporting structure that is made up of the capsule of the shoulder joint, mised with tendons and muscles. Rupture - Tearing apart of a tissue. Sacroiliac - Refers to the area around where the sacrum and ilium are joined. The sacrum is the bottom of the spine, the ilium is the largest bone in the pelvis. Spasm - An involuntary and abnormal contraction of a muscle. Strain - An injury where a muscle or tendon is overstretched or torn. Subluxation - Similar to luxation, it refers to a less distinct dislocation and is usually an injury to the ligaments. Supination - Rotating your forearm so the palm is up, or your body is lying face up. Also when your foot is rotated outward.
Tendon - A cord of fibrous tissue that connects a muscle with another part (such as a bone) and transmits the force of a muscle. Tendinitis - An inflammation of tendons or muscles around a joint. Trauma - A wound or injury to living tissue. Vertebrae - Bony segments that make up the spinal column. |
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